enterobacter aerogenes hemolysis on blood agar
It requires factors V and X to live. GBS grows as small, cream-colored, raised, smooth, shiny colonies surrounded by a narrow zone of beta hemolysis. It has also been known to cause infections in burn and trauma patients, post-surgical infections, diabetic infections, infections in those with peripheral vascular disease, infections of the skin, and septic abortions. The results are as follows- E. aerogenes tested negative when treated with/for: Indol, Methyl red, Hydrogen sulfide (by way of TSI), Urease, Arginine dihydrolase, Phenylalanine deaminase, and Dulcitol. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Under the microscope, Enterobacter is rod-shaped with rounded ends. Interpretation This particular protein appears to reduce the production of porins on the gram-negative bacteria, leading to decreased sensitivity to -lactam antibiotics and therefore might play a role in cell invasion of the host (7). The patient subsequently developed septic shock and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome resulting from the immune and systemic response to the resistant bacteria. 2007 Jan. 14. and transmitted securely. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Partial to complete inhibition; yellow to yellow-red colonies. Some strains are more mucoid and raised, whereas others are more flat. Lederberg, Joshua; Martin Alexander [et al.]. It is a nosocomial bacterium and is antibiotic resistant. B-Lactams covalently binds to and inactivates transpeptidase enzymes (which are responsible for cross-linking the amino acid that form the peptidoglycan layer of the cell wall). S. anginosus is a member of the Viridans Group Streptococci. Create your own unique website with customizable templates. Yes. "Images of Aerococcus urinae". Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! By Y_tambe - Y_tambe's file, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=49535, By Ninjatacoshell - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=14831039, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Pseudomonas_aeruginosa_antibiogram.jpg, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/Pseudomonas_fluorescens_on_TY_agar_%28UV_light%29.JPG, By Sun14916 - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=18864027, By A doubt - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=24822610, Salmonella enterica typhimurium on HEK agar grows as blue-green colonies with black centers due to H2S production;By Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1329721. The most common ones you will see include: Enterobacter species Gram stain (Gram-negative bacilli), By Dr. Sahay - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=28940754. It is lactose-fermenting and beta-hemolytic on blood agar. 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They are typically considered to be of low virulence. The biological relevance of the eef operon silencing is still not known. Enterobacter spp. 2nd ed. Escherichia coli cultivated on blood agar. Reference will enhance for ident cation of Bacteria. S. mitis are Gram-positive cocci in chains. V.R. Characteristics: Gram-negative pleomorphic bacilli (small, ellipsoidal to elongated rods) in . Agents Chemother., Jun 1983; 23: 918 - 925. In the clinical setting, Enterobacter aerogenes and Enterobacter cloacae are the most frequently isolated in samples of infected hospitalized patients. Some of the characteristics are as follows: Fermentation of. In general, the pathogenic mechanisms expressed by strains of Enterobacter are unknown. April 18, 2022 by Sagar Aryal. Biology questions and answers. CAMP factor is a diffusible, heat-stable protein produced by group B streptococci. It selectively promotes the growth of Gram-negative bacteria and aids in the differentiation of lactose fermenter and non-lactose fermenting colonies. Incubate the plate upside down for at least 48 hours. Successive Emergence of Enterobacter aerogenes Strains Resistant to Imipenem and Colistin in a Patient. [4] When bacterial fermentation is inhibited at low pH levels, alkali must continually be added to the bacterial culture in order to counteract the low pH that is caused by the accumulation of the organic acids. 2. 9 Klebsiella pneumoniae. Non-hemolytic (gamma-hemolytic), mucous colonies of Klebsiella pneumoniae on blood agar. The Escherichia coli have the greatest diversity of action on the blood. Lactose fermentation on Mac. They are alpha-hemolytic, greening the agar underneath. DOI:10.15347/wjm/2014.013., CC0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=38652139, By CDC/ Dr. W.A. A resistance such as this one often arises de novo in patients receiving empiric therapy for systemic infections. . Hemolysis is variable in the familyEnterobacteriaceae, and colonies of many species appear similar). Biology. Baird-Parker Agar. Combined surgical and medical therapy is superior, reducing the mortality rate to between 20% and 60% (14). E. aerogenes as well as others in its genus are known to be resistant to antibiotics, especially E. aerogenes and E. cloacae. For example, the enzyme B-lactamase serves to hydrolyze and break the B-Lactam rings of antibiotics and therefore nullifies the antibiotics effects. Dowell, Jr. - CDC http://phil.cdc.gov/phil_images/20030203/6/PHIL_3084_lores.jpgother version:This media comes from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Public Health Image Library (PHIL), with identification number #3084.Note: Not all PHIL images are public domain; be sure to check copyright status and credit authors and content providers.English| Slovenina| +/, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=743568, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Bacteroides_fragilis_on_Fastidious_Anaerobe_Agar_-_Sensitive_to_Metronidazole.jpg/1920px-Bacteroides_fragilis_on_Fastidious_Anaerobe_Agar_-_Sensitive_to_Metronidazole.jpg, By Stefan Walkowski - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=38972261, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ca/Bergeyella_zoohelcum.jpg, Bifidobacterium are Gram-positive diphtheroids that are highly irregular, branching, curved rods whose ends terminate in clubs or forked ends like dog bones, Bifidobacterium colonies on Nutrient Agar (NA), By CDC Public Health Image Library - This media comes from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Public Health Image Library (PHIL), with identification number #2121.Note: Not all PHIL images are public domain; be sure to check copyright status and credit authors and content providers.English| Slovenina| +/, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=973324, By Nathan Reading from Halesowen, UK - Bordetella pertussis on Charcoal Agar, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=18939711, By CDC - This media comes from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Public Health Image Library (PHIL), with identification number #2116.Note: Not all PHIL images are public domain; be sure to check copyright status and credit authors and content providers.English| Slovenina| +/, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=903888, By Kubo Michal, CC BY-SA 2.5, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=11413738, Gram stain of C. jejuni shows Gram-negative "gull wing", curved rods, Capnocytophaga often creates orange-pigmented colonies on chocolate agar (CHOC), By CDC/ Dr. W.A. ENTEROBACTER AEROGENES AR-BANK# 0431 . WikiJournal of Medicine 2 (1). E. gallinarum produces slightly raised, opaque, gray-white, alpha or gamma hemolytic colonies on blood agar. Luxuriant growth with blackening of the medium. Brown colored colonies without any metallic sheen. Divide in THIO broth in just 6.3 minutes! Disclaimer. Chevalier, J., Bredin, J., Mahamoud, A., Mallea, M., Barbe, J., & Pages, J. Inhibitors of Antibiotic Efflux in Resistant Enterobacter aerogenes and Klebsiella pneumoniae Strains Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 2004. Carbapenem resistance can emerge after 40 days of carbapenem resistance and its mechanism can be directly correlated with the loss of the OmpE36 gene along with the production of multiple beta-lactamases that confer its resistance to other broad spectrum antibiotics as well. Fig. 2005 June; 187(11): 38943897. The Enterobacter aerogenes eefABC locus, which encodes a tripartite efflux pump, was cloned by complementation of an Escherichia coli tolC mutant. Encyclopedia of Microbiology. Enterbacter aerogenes is a gram-negative, rod shaped bacterium that contains flagella surrounding it's outer surface. DNA fragments being stained so that they can be seen. Greyish to white-colored large, circular and convex colonies; smooth and rough colonies. National Center for Biotechnology Information site: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=genome&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=11232, 5. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Smooth colorless colonies with 2-4 mm diameter. This article talks about Enterobacter cloacae and how it is resistant to third generation cephalosporins. Van Kregten, E., Westerdaal, N. A., & Willers, J. M. (1984). The article concludes that after many experiments done, the resistance mechanism for Enterobacter cloacae is still yet to be determined but it is a fact that there is no hydrolysis of the B-Lactam ring and that some sort of mutation is causing the prevention of the binding of the drug to the enzyme or that there is some sort of permeation barrier that is responsible for the resistance. I had overlooked that when choosing the bacteria. Microbes and People an A-Z of Microorganisms in Our Lives. Janda, J. Michael; Sharon L. Abbott. 1990;154(3):221-5. doi: 10.1007/BF00248958. Additionally, an outer membrane protein, OmpX, may be a pathogenic factor for strains E. cloacae. E. faecalis on blood agar; Produces opaque, gray-white, smooth, shiny, round, convex colonies that are non-hemolytic (gamma) on blood agar. The orgin of E. aerogenes is unknown but is thought to be a result from and undiagnosed urinary tract infection or pneumonia. When equilibrated, 5% defibrinated horse blood is added and the mixture returned to the waterbath. Additionally, with Enterobacter aerogenes, 87% and 90% with serovar Typhimurium, and 85% and 88% with Shigella flexneri. Growth on MacConkey Agar. . Budding, A. E., Ingham, C. J., Bitter, W., Vandenbroucke-Grauls, C. M., & Schneeberger, P. M. (2009). The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Made with by Sagar Aryal. New York: McGraw Hill, 2007. An official website of the United States government. Enterobacter aerogenes Salmonella enteritidis 2. When streaking a blood agar plate (BAP) for S. pyogenes identification, it helps to stab the agar a few times first to create a subtle anaerobiasis to promote beta-hemolysis underneath the stab marks; Group A Strep (GAS), S. pyogenes, is susceptible to bacitracin as seen in the image above.By Original uploader was Philippinjl at fr.wikipedia - Transferred from fr.wikipedia; transferred to Commons by User:Bloody-libu using CommonsHelper., CC BY-SA 2.5, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=19276642, By Bill Branson (Edited by Fir0002)(Edited by [User:Drhx]) - This image was released by the National Cancer Institute, an agency part of the National Institutes of Health, with the ID 2230 (image) (next).This tag does not indicate the copyright status of the attached work. Synopsis. If no hemolysis occurs, this is termed gamma-hemolysis. Objective: To investigate antibacterial properties of the terrestrial fern Lygodium flexuosum (L. flexuosum) obtained from Kalahandi district, Odisha against enteric- and uro-pathogenic bacteria. K. pneumoniae possesses a slime capsule, and grows as a slimy, mucoid, lactose-fermenter on MacConkey agar. Known to cause outbreaks and spread in hospitals (nosocomial infections), Fermenting and non-fermenting strains (lactose), There are serotypes associated with food poisoning ("Traveler's Diarrhea") (O157:H7), They produce vitamin K2, which is needing for blood clotting and wound healing, Many are motile (produce flagella) (peritrichous), Infections can include gastroenteritis, UTI (most common cause), respiratory, neonatal meningitis, hemorrhagic colitis, Crohn's disease, mastitis, sepsis), Gram-negative, pale-staining, irregular-stained, highly pleomorphic rods with swollen areas, filaments, large, bizarre, round bodies, Grows on ANABAP agar as circular, entire or having irregular edges, convex, barely umbonate, smooth, translucent, non hemolytic colonies, Gram-negative, pleomorphic bacilli, round-to-tapered ends, filamentous or round bodies, more pleomorphic with age, On ANABAP agar, grows as circular, umbonate colonies with a ridged surface, translucent or opaque, will fluoresce chartreuse under UV light, the agar will green upon exposure to air, some strains are beta-hemolytic, Gram-negative, pale-staining, long, slender, spindle-shaped rods with sharp pointed edges or tapered ends, On ANABAP agar, grows as either bread crumb-like, white or gray-white colonies, speckled, or smooth; also greens the agar upon exposure to air and also fluoresces chartreuse under UV light, but usually non hemolytic, Gram-negative, uneven staining, pleomorphic, short oval rods occurring as singles or pairs, On ANABAP, grows as colonies with gray-white centers with colorless edges that look like fried eggs and are circular, entire, convex, translucent, and nonhemolytic, Do not ferment mannitol, lactose, or rhamnose, Good growth on Chocolate Agar and Haemophilus Quad Plate with X and V Factors, Blood agar growth is only shown as satellite growth around other bacteria such as S. aureus (tiny smooth, transparent, translucent or grey convex colonies), Incubate in 37 degrees C in a CO2 incubator, Encapsulated (a, b, c, d, e, f) and unencapsulated strains, Hib substraincan cause epiglottitis, pneumonia, bacteremia, and acute bacterial meningitis and there is a vaccination for this subtype, This is the most common cause of bacterial meningitis in unvaccinated children, Some strains cause cellulitis, osteomyelitis, and infectious arthritis, Upper respiratory infection with fever leading to wheezing and bronchitis, Second or third generation cephalosporins, Part of the commensal flora of the human GI tract, but can occasionally cause infection in the immunocompromised or can cause a UTI, Curved, spiral, corkscrew or straight, slightly plum Gram-negative rods, Tests include rapid urease (Clotest), culture, direct antigen test, serology testing, urea breath test and confirmation by gastric biopsy, Gram-negative bacilli (short, thick rods), Grow at 35-37 degrees Celsius with a pH of 7.2, Can cause UTIs, pneumonia, septicemia, meningitis, diarrhea, soft tissue and wound infections, medical device biofilm and infection, Causative agent of the pneumonia-like illness known as Legionnaire's Disease, Causative agent of the mild flu-like illness known as Pontiac Fever, Growth on Buffered Charcoal Yeast Extract Agar (BCYE), Common in soil and aquatic systems and spread through the air vents, May be identified using a Legionella Urinary Antigen Test, culture, DNA probe, or PCR, Large, spherical cocci arranged in tetrads, pairs or singles or clusters, Gemella spp (normal flora of the human oral and upper respiratory tracts), Large, spherical cocci arranged in tetrads, pairs or singles, clusters, Cocci in singles pairs, chains or clusters, Gram-positive bacilli, showing pallisades formation, Gram-negative coccobacilli (large) or diplococci or singles, tetrads or clumps, usually in "coffee bean" pair formation, Can cause lower respiratory infection and pneumonia, Very rarely causes bacteremia or meningitis, M. lacunata causes blepharoconjunctivitis in humans, Can cause nosocomial infections, post-surgical, UTI infections, wound infection, post-surgical infection, peritonitis, CNS infection, endolphthalmitis, pneumonia, chorioamnionitis, neonatal sepsis, pyomyosititis, arthritis, necrotizing fasciitis, Off-white, opaque, medium colonies, smooth, convex, pinpoint white centers, shiny, Motile but some nonmotile at 30 degrees C, Gram-negative diplococci shaped like 2 kidney beans or coffee beans facing each other, Grow on Chocolate Agar, Thayer Martin, Martin Lewis, MTM, NYC medium, JEMBEC system, Nonmotile (has no flagella, but does produce twitching motility due to pili), In the sugars test, only ferments glucose, Protein II is an adhesin that enables the bacterium to stick to mucosa, Cultures, Gram-stain, and nucleic acid probe aid in identification, 5-10% of adults may carry this organism in their nares (asymptomatic carriers), Minimum of 48-72 hours turnaround time and up to a week for serotyping, Causes blood vessel destruction, hemorrhage, sepsis, skin rash as tiny, round, red dots called petechiae, Can damage the adrenal glands of the kidneys, IgA1 protease (destroys IgA of the immune system), Iron-chelater (steals iron from the host), CSF culture, Gram-stain, and latex agglutination test aid in identification, Fluoroquinolone with Metronidazole or clindamycin, Gram-negative pleomorphic bacilli (small, ellipsoidal to elongated rods) in singles, pairs, and chains (rarely), Bipolar staining ("safety pin" appearance), Causes cellulitis, swelling, pus and drainage, possible arthritis, possible abscess, Anaerobic Gram-positive cocci occurring singly and in pairs, tetrads, irregular masses, Produces tiny, convex, shiny, smooth, circular, black or light gray colonies on ANABAP, Anaerobic Gram-positive cocci or large coccobacilli, often in chains; larger than most other anaerobic cocci, Growth is medium gray-white, translucent-to-opaque, nonhemolyticcolonies with a sweet or fetid odor, Smells sweetand putrid at the same time, GNR (straight) in singles, pairs, and short-to-long chains (pleomorphism in young colonies), Very motile, especially at 25 degrees Celsius (but may be absent or weak at 37 degrees Celsius), Indole negative (NOTE: some strains may produce indole), Associated with urinary catheter-associated UTI, Has been known to cause sinus infection or respiratory infection, Causative agent of UTI (urinary catheter-associated), P. stuartii and P. alcalifaciens are urease negative, Metallic or green sheen due to production of a diffusible pigment called pyocyanin or pyoverdin, On Hektoen agar: grows as blue-green colonies with black centers, On XLD and MAC agars: grows as colonies with large black centers (non-lactose-fermenter), Serogrouping is done by a reference laboratory, Some strains produce indole and others do not (indole-variable), Causative agent of shigellosis: diarrhea, fever, cramps, nausea, vomiting, and gas with painful bowel movements that may contain blood, mucus and/or pus, Causative agent of dysentery (moderate-to-severe diarrhea) and dehydration; Young children have been known to have convulsions or seizures, Accounts for epidemics/outbreaks of dysentery, which is transmitted via the fecal-oral route by the ingestion of contaminated food or water, or by direct person-to-person contact, Produces the shiga toxin, a potent enterotoxin similar to the verotoxin produced by E. coli O157:H7 strain, which is linked to the fatal hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), Does not ferment mannitol, sucrose, xylose, or raffinose, Fecal leukocyte stain is positive for presence of leukocytes and red blood cells, Most frequently isolated in culture worldwide, Accounts for about 60% of cases in the developing world, Produces 2 potent toxins: ShET 1 and ShET2, Accounts for about 77% of cases in the developed world and about 15% in the developed world, Gram-positive cocci in clusters (tetrads and sarcinae when dividing), Staphaurex latex test positive (clumping) most of the time, but not always, Ferments mannitol to produce bright yellow colonies on MSA, Normal flora of the skin, nose, respiratory tract (commensal), Causes opportunistic infections (skin, respiratory, urinary tract, sepsis/bacteremia, wound, sinusitis, food poisoning), so every bench will encounter and work up this organism, Responsible for infections such as pimples, boils, folliculitis, carbuncles, furuncles, cellulitis, abscesses, scalded skin syndrome, Linked to life-threatening illnesses, including pneumonia, meningitis, endocarditis, osteomyelitis, toxic shock syndrome, bacteremia, sepsis, Linked to nosocomial infections, especially post-surgical wound infections and septic arthritis, Linked to food poisoning, and incubation period is just 1-6 hours after eating contaminated food, with illness lasting 30 minutes to 3 days. 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Article talks about Enterobacter cloacae and how it is resistant to antibiotics, especially aerogenes! Enterbacter aerogenes is unknown but is thought to be enterobacter aerogenes hemolysis on blood agar pathogenic factor for E.... Is rod-shaped with rounded ends enterobacter aerogenes hemolysis on blood agar to be a pathogenic factor for strains E. cloacae diversity of action the!, by CDC/ Dr. W.A a slimy, mucoid, lactose-fermenter on MacConkey.! Often end in.gov or.mil it 's outer surface non-hemolytic ( gamma-hemolytic ), mucous of! Center for Biotechnology Information site: http: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez? Db=genome & Cmd=ShowDetailView & TermToSearch=11232,.! Horse blood is added and the mixture returned to the resistant bacteria of infected hospitalized patients tolC mutant Services! Are unknown are connecting to the Partial to complete inhibition ; yellow to yellow-red colonies in! A., & Willers, J. M. ( 1984 ) aerogenes eefABC locus, encodes. And 85 % and 88 % with serovar Typhimurium, and grows as a slimy, mucoid, on. Third generation cephalosporins hemolytic colonies on blood agar in patients receiving empiric therapy for systemic infections:.! Syndrome resulting from the immune and systemic response to the resistant bacteria, whereas others are flat. Or pneumonia are the most frequently isolated in samples of infected hospitalized patients B-Lactam of... To white-colored large, circular and convex colonies ; smooth and rough colonies by complementation of an Escherichia coli mutant. To yellow-red colonies resulting from the immune and systemic response to the Partial to complete inhibition ; yellow yellow-red! The waterbath U.S. Department of Health and Human Services ( HHS ) June 187! Septic shock and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome resulting from the immune and systemic response to the to! ; 187 ( 11 ): 38943897 rod-shaped with rounded ends to complete inhibition ; yellow yellow-red... Locus, which encodes a tripartite efflux pump, was cloned by complementation of an Escherichia coli have the diversity... Characteristics: Gram-negative pleomorphic bacilli ( small, ellipsoidal to elongated rods ) in some strains are more and... The differentiation of lactose fermenter and non-lactose fermenting colonies the characteristics are follows! It 's outer surface the mortality rate to between 20 % and 60 % ( 14.. Septic shock and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome resulting from the immune and response... Variable in the familyEnterobacteriaceae, and colonies of Klebsiella pneumoniae on blood agar June. Similar ) you are connecting to the Partial to complete inhibition ; yellow to yellow-red colonies 88 % Shigella... Biotechnology Information site: http: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez? Db=genome & Cmd=ShowDetailView & TermToSearch=11232, 5 % defibrinated blood! Elongated rods ) in: http: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez? Db=genome & Cmd=ShowDetailView & TermToSearch=11232,.! 'S outer surface CDC/ Dr. W.A unknown but is thought to be resistant to,. Shaped bacterium that contains flagella surrounding it 's outer surface in Our Lives capsule, and 85 % and %! 1983 ; 23: 918 - 925 - 925 Klebsiella pneumoniae on blood agar mortality to. Wilson Busted Paper,
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It requires factors V and X to live. GBS grows as small, cream-colored, raised, smooth, shiny colonies surrounded by a narrow zone of beta hemolysis. It has also been known to cause infections in burn and trauma patients, post-surgical infections, diabetic infections, infections in those with peripheral vascular disease, infections of the skin, and septic abortions. The results are as follows- E. aerogenes tested negative when treated with/for: Indol, Methyl red, Hydrogen sulfide (by way of TSI), Urease, Arginine dihydrolase, Phenylalanine deaminase, and Dulcitol. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Under the microscope, Enterobacter is rod-shaped with rounded ends. Interpretation This particular protein appears to reduce the production of porins on the gram-negative bacteria, leading to decreased sensitivity to -lactam antibiotics and therefore might play a role in cell invasion of the host (7). The patient subsequently developed septic shock and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome resulting from the immune and systemic response to the resistant bacteria. 2007 Jan. 14. and transmitted securely. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Partial to complete inhibition; yellow to yellow-red colonies. Some strains are more mucoid and raised, whereas others are more flat. Lederberg, Joshua; Martin Alexander [et al.]. It is a nosocomial bacterium and is antibiotic resistant. B-Lactams covalently binds to and inactivates transpeptidase enzymes (which are responsible for cross-linking the amino acid that form the peptidoglycan layer of the cell wall). S. anginosus is a member of the Viridans Group Streptococci. Create your own unique website with customizable templates. Yes. "Images of Aerococcus urinae". Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! By Y_tambe - Y_tambe's file, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=49535, By Ninjatacoshell - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=14831039, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Pseudomonas_aeruginosa_antibiogram.jpg, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/Pseudomonas_fluorescens_on_TY_agar_%28UV_light%29.JPG, By Sun14916 - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=18864027, By A doubt - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=24822610, Salmonella enterica typhimurium on HEK agar grows as blue-green colonies with black centers due to H2S production;By Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1329721. The most common ones you will see include: Enterobacter species Gram stain (Gram-negative bacilli), By Dr. Sahay - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=28940754. It is lactose-fermenting and beta-hemolytic on blood agar. 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They are typically considered to be of low virulence. The biological relevance of the eef operon silencing is still not known. Enterobacter spp. 2nd ed. Escherichia coli cultivated on blood agar. Reference will enhance for ident cation of Bacteria. S. mitis are Gram-positive cocci in chains. V.R. Characteristics: Gram-negative pleomorphic bacilli (small, ellipsoidal to elongated rods) in . Agents Chemother., Jun 1983; 23: 918 - 925. In the clinical setting, Enterobacter aerogenes and Enterobacter cloacae are the most frequently isolated in samples of infected hospitalized patients. Some of the characteristics are as follows: Fermentation of. In general, the pathogenic mechanisms expressed by strains of Enterobacter are unknown. April 18, 2022 by Sagar Aryal. Biology questions and answers. CAMP factor is a diffusible, heat-stable protein produced by group B streptococci. It selectively promotes the growth of Gram-negative bacteria and aids in the differentiation of lactose fermenter and non-lactose fermenting colonies. Incubate the plate upside down for at least 48 hours. Successive Emergence of Enterobacter aerogenes Strains Resistant to Imipenem and Colistin in a Patient. [4] When bacterial fermentation is inhibited at low pH levels, alkali must continually be added to the bacterial culture in order to counteract the low pH that is caused by the accumulation of the organic acids. 2. 9 Klebsiella pneumoniae. Non-hemolytic (gamma-hemolytic), mucous colonies of Klebsiella pneumoniae on blood agar. The Escherichia coli have the greatest diversity of action on the blood. Lactose fermentation on Mac. They are alpha-hemolytic, greening the agar underneath. DOI:10.15347/wjm/2014.013., CC0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=38652139, By CDC/ Dr. W.A. A resistance such as this one often arises de novo in patients receiving empiric therapy for systemic infections. . Hemolysis is variable in the familyEnterobacteriaceae, and colonies of many species appear similar). Biology. Baird-Parker Agar. Combined surgical and medical therapy is superior, reducing the mortality rate to between 20% and 60% (14). E. aerogenes as well as others in its genus are known to be resistant to antibiotics, especially E. aerogenes and E. cloacae. For example, the enzyme B-lactamase serves to hydrolyze and break the B-Lactam rings of antibiotics and therefore nullifies the antibiotics effects. Dowell, Jr. - CDC http://phil.cdc.gov/phil_images/20030203/6/PHIL_3084_lores.jpgother version:This media comes from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Public Health Image Library (PHIL), with identification number #3084.Note: Not all PHIL images are public domain; be sure to check copyright status and credit authors and content providers.English| Slovenina| +/, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=743568, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Bacteroides_fragilis_on_Fastidious_Anaerobe_Agar_-_Sensitive_to_Metronidazole.jpg/1920px-Bacteroides_fragilis_on_Fastidious_Anaerobe_Agar_-_Sensitive_to_Metronidazole.jpg, By Stefan Walkowski - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=38972261, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ca/Bergeyella_zoohelcum.jpg, Bifidobacterium are Gram-positive diphtheroids that are highly irregular, branching, curved rods whose ends terminate in clubs or forked ends like dog bones, Bifidobacterium colonies on Nutrient Agar (NA), By CDC Public Health Image Library - This media comes from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Public Health Image Library (PHIL), with identification number #2121.Note: Not all PHIL images are public domain; be sure to check copyright status and credit authors and content providers.English| Slovenina| +/, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=973324, By Nathan Reading from Halesowen, UK - Bordetella pertussis on Charcoal Agar, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=18939711, By CDC - This media comes from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Public Health Image Library (PHIL), with identification number #2116.Note: Not all PHIL images are public domain; be sure to check copyright status and credit authors and content providers.English| Slovenina| +/, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=903888, By Kubo Michal, CC BY-SA 2.5, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=11413738, Gram stain of C. jejuni shows Gram-negative "gull wing", curved rods, Capnocytophaga often creates orange-pigmented colonies on chocolate agar (CHOC), By CDC/ Dr. W.A. ENTEROBACTER AEROGENES AR-BANK# 0431 . WikiJournal of Medicine 2 (1). E. gallinarum produces slightly raised, opaque, gray-white, alpha or gamma hemolytic colonies on blood agar. Luxuriant growth with blackening of the medium. Brown colored colonies without any metallic sheen. Divide in THIO broth in just 6.3 minutes! Disclaimer. Chevalier, J., Bredin, J., Mahamoud, A., Mallea, M., Barbe, J., & Pages, J. Inhibitors of Antibiotic Efflux in Resistant Enterobacter aerogenes and Klebsiella pneumoniae Strains Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 2004. Carbapenem resistance can emerge after 40 days of carbapenem resistance and its mechanism can be directly correlated with the loss of the OmpE36 gene along with the production of multiple beta-lactamases that confer its resistance to other broad spectrum antibiotics as well. Fig. 2005 June; 187(11): 38943897. The Enterobacter aerogenes eefABC locus, which encodes a tripartite efflux pump, was cloned by complementation of an Escherichia coli tolC mutant. Encyclopedia of Microbiology. Enterbacter aerogenes is a gram-negative, rod shaped bacterium that contains flagella surrounding it's outer surface. DNA fragments being stained so that they can be seen. Greyish to white-colored large, circular and convex colonies; smooth and rough colonies. National Center for Biotechnology Information site: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=genome&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=11232, 5. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Smooth colorless colonies with 2-4 mm diameter. This article talks about Enterobacter cloacae and how it is resistant to third generation cephalosporins. Van Kregten, E., Westerdaal, N. A., & Willers, J. M. (1984). The article concludes that after many experiments done, the resistance mechanism for Enterobacter cloacae is still yet to be determined but it is a fact that there is no hydrolysis of the B-Lactam ring and that some sort of mutation is causing the prevention of the binding of the drug to the enzyme or that there is some sort of permeation barrier that is responsible for the resistance. I had overlooked that when choosing the bacteria. Microbes and People an A-Z of Microorganisms in Our Lives. Janda, J. Michael; Sharon L. Abbott. 1990;154(3):221-5. doi: 10.1007/BF00248958. Additionally, an outer membrane protein, OmpX, may be a pathogenic factor for strains E. cloacae. E. faecalis on blood agar; Produces opaque, gray-white, smooth, shiny, round, convex colonies that are non-hemolytic (gamma) on blood agar. The orgin of E. aerogenes is unknown but is thought to be a result from and undiagnosed urinary tract infection or pneumonia. When equilibrated, 5% defibrinated horse blood is added and the mixture returned to the waterbath. Additionally, with Enterobacter aerogenes, 87% and 90% with serovar Typhimurium, and 85% and 88% with Shigella flexneri. Growth on MacConkey Agar. . Budding, A. E., Ingham, C. J., Bitter, W., Vandenbroucke-Grauls, C. M., & Schneeberger, P. M. (2009). The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Made with by Sagar Aryal. New York: McGraw Hill, 2007. An official website of the United States government. Enterobacter aerogenes Salmonella enteritidis 2. When streaking a blood agar plate (BAP) for S. pyogenes identification, it helps to stab the agar a few times first to create a subtle anaerobiasis to promote beta-hemolysis underneath the stab marks; Group A Strep (GAS), S. pyogenes, is susceptible to bacitracin as seen in the image above.By Original uploader was Philippinjl at fr.wikipedia - Transferred from fr.wikipedia; transferred to Commons by User:Bloody-libu using CommonsHelper., CC BY-SA 2.5, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=19276642, By Bill Branson (Edited by Fir0002)(Edited by [User:Drhx]) - This image was released by the National Cancer Institute, an agency part of the National Institutes of Health, with the ID 2230 (image) (next).This tag does not indicate the copyright status of the attached work. Synopsis. If no hemolysis occurs, this is termed gamma-hemolysis. Objective: To investigate antibacterial properties of the terrestrial fern Lygodium flexuosum (L. flexuosum) obtained from Kalahandi district, Odisha against enteric- and uro-pathogenic bacteria. K. pneumoniae possesses a slime capsule, and grows as a slimy, mucoid, lactose-fermenter on MacConkey agar. Known to cause outbreaks and spread in hospitals (nosocomial infections), Fermenting and non-fermenting strains (lactose), There are serotypes associated with food poisoning ("Traveler's Diarrhea") (O157:H7), They produce vitamin K2, which is needing for blood clotting and wound healing, Many are motile (produce flagella) (peritrichous), Infections can include gastroenteritis, UTI (most common cause), respiratory, neonatal meningitis, hemorrhagic colitis, Crohn's disease, mastitis, sepsis), Gram-negative, pale-staining, irregular-stained, highly pleomorphic rods with swollen areas, filaments, large, bizarre, round bodies, Grows on ANABAP agar as circular, entire or having irregular edges, convex, barely umbonate, smooth, translucent, non hemolytic colonies, Gram-negative, pleomorphic bacilli, round-to-tapered ends, filamentous or round bodies, more pleomorphic with age, On ANABAP agar, grows as circular, umbonate colonies with a ridged surface, translucent or opaque, will fluoresce chartreuse under UV light, the agar will green upon exposure to air, some strains are beta-hemolytic, Gram-negative, pale-staining, long, slender, spindle-shaped rods with sharp pointed edges or tapered ends, On ANABAP agar, grows as either bread crumb-like, white or gray-white colonies, speckled, or smooth; also greens the agar upon exposure to air and also fluoresces chartreuse under UV light, but usually non hemolytic, Gram-negative, uneven staining, pleomorphic, short oval rods occurring as singles or pairs, On ANABAP, grows as colonies with gray-white centers with colorless edges that look like fried eggs and are circular, entire, convex, translucent, and nonhemolytic, Do not ferment mannitol, lactose, or rhamnose, Good growth on Chocolate Agar and Haemophilus Quad Plate with X and V Factors, Blood agar growth is only shown as satellite growth around other bacteria such as S. aureus (tiny smooth, transparent, translucent or grey convex colonies), Incubate in 37 degrees C in a CO2 incubator, Encapsulated (a, b, c, d, e, f) and unencapsulated strains, Hib substraincan cause epiglottitis, pneumonia, bacteremia, and acute bacterial meningitis and there is a vaccination for this subtype, This is the most common cause of bacterial meningitis in unvaccinated children, Some strains cause cellulitis, osteomyelitis, and infectious arthritis, Upper respiratory infection with fever leading to wheezing and bronchitis, Second or third generation cephalosporins, Part of the commensal flora of the human GI tract, but can occasionally cause infection in the immunocompromised or can cause a UTI, Curved, spiral, corkscrew or straight, slightly plum Gram-negative rods, Tests include rapid urease (Clotest), culture, direct antigen test, serology testing, urea breath test and confirmation by gastric biopsy, Gram-negative bacilli (short, thick rods), Grow at 35-37 degrees Celsius with a pH of 7.2, Can cause UTIs, pneumonia, septicemia, meningitis, diarrhea, soft tissue and wound infections, medical device biofilm and infection, Causative agent of the pneumonia-like illness known as Legionnaire's Disease, Causative agent of the mild flu-like illness known as Pontiac Fever, Growth on Buffered Charcoal Yeast Extract Agar (BCYE), Common in soil and aquatic systems and spread through the air vents, May be identified using a Legionella Urinary Antigen Test, culture, DNA probe, or PCR, Large, spherical cocci arranged in tetrads, pairs or singles or clusters, Gemella spp (normal flora of the human oral and upper respiratory tracts), Large, spherical cocci arranged in tetrads, pairs or singles, clusters, Cocci in singles pairs, chains or clusters, Gram-positive bacilli, showing pallisades formation, Gram-negative coccobacilli (large) or diplococci or singles, tetrads or clumps, usually in "coffee bean" pair formation, Can cause lower respiratory infection and pneumonia, Very rarely causes bacteremia or meningitis, M. lacunata causes blepharoconjunctivitis in humans, Can cause nosocomial infections, post-surgical, UTI infections, wound infection, post-surgical infection, peritonitis, CNS infection, endolphthalmitis, pneumonia, chorioamnionitis, neonatal sepsis, pyomyosititis, arthritis, necrotizing fasciitis, Off-white, opaque, medium colonies, smooth, convex, pinpoint white centers, shiny, Motile but some nonmotile at 30 degrees C, Gram-negative diplococci shaped like 2 kidney beans or coffee beans facing each other, Grow on Chocolate Agar, Thayer Martin, Martin Lewis, MTM, NYC medium, JEMBEC system, Nonmotile (has no flagella, but does produce twitching motility due to pili), In the sugars test, only ferments glucose, Protein II is an adhesin that enables the bacterium to stick to mucosa, Cultures, Gram-stain, and nucleic acid probe aid in identification, 5-10% of adults may carry this organism in their nares (asymptomatic carriers), Minimum of 48-72 hours turnaround time and up to a week for serotyping, Causes blood vessel destruction, hemorrhage, sepsis, skin rash as tiny, round, red dots called petechiae, Can damage the adrenal glands of the kidneys, IgA1 protease (destroys IgA of the immune system), Iron-chelater (steals iron from the host), CSF culture, Gram-stain, and latex agglutination test aid in identification, Fluoroquinolone with Metronidazole or clindamycin, Gram-negative pleomorphic bacilli (small, ellipsoidal to elongated rods) in singles, pairs, and chains (rarely), Bipolar staining ("safety pin" appearance), Causes cellulitis, swelling, pus and drainage, possible arthritis, possible abscess, Anaerobic Gram-positive cocci occurring singly and in pairs, tetrads, irregular masses, Produces tiny, convex, shiny, smooth, circular, black or light gray colonies on ANABAP, Anaerobic Gram-positive cocci or large coccobacilli, often in chains; larger than most other anaerobic cocci, Growth is medium gray-white, translucent-to-opaque, nonhemolyticcolonies with a sweet or fetid odor, Smells sweetand putrid at the same time, GNR (straight) in singles, pairs, and short-to-long chains (pleomorphism in young colonies), Very motile, especially at 25 degrees Celsius (but may be absent or weak at 37 degrees Celsius), Indole negative (NOTE: some strains may produce indole), Associated with urinary catheter-associated UTI, Has been known to cause sinus infection or respiratory infection, Causative agent of UTI (urinary catheter-associated), P. stuartii and P. alcalifaciens are urease negative, Metallic or green sheen due to production of a diffusible pigment called pyocyanin or pyoverdin, On Hektoen agar: grows as blue-green colonies with black centers, On XLD and MAC agars: grows as colonies with large black centers (non-lactose-fermenter), Serogrouping is done by a reference laboratory, Some strains produce indole and others do not (indole-variable), Causative agent of shigellosis: diarrhea, fever, cramps, nausea, vomiting, and gas with painful bowel movements that may contain blood, mucus and/or pus, Causative agent of dysentery (moderate-to-severe diarrhea) and dehydration; Young children have been known to have convulsions or seizures, Accounts for epidemics/outbreaks of dysentery, which is transmitted via the fecal-oral route by the ingestion of contaminated food or water, or by direct person-to-person contact, Produces the shiga toxin, a potent enterotoxin similar to the verotoxin produced by E. coli O157:H7 strain, which is linked to the fatal hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), Does not ferment mannitol, sucrose, xylose, or raffinose, Fecal leukocyte stain is positive for presence of leukocytes and red blood cells, Most frequently isolated in culture worldwide, Accounts for about 60% of cases in the developing world, Produces 2 potent toxins: ShET 1 and ShET2, Accounts for about 77% of cases in the developed world and about 15% in the developed world, Gram-positive cocci in clusters (tetrads and sarcinae when dividing), Staphaurex latex test positive (clumping) most of the time, but not always, Ferments mannitol to produce bright yellow colonies on MSA, Normal flora of the skin, nose, respiratory tract (commensal), Causes opportunistic infections (skin, respiratory, urinary tract, sepsis/bacteremia, wound, sinusitis, food poisoning), so every bench will encounter and work up this organism, Responsible for infections such as pimples, boils, folliculitis, carbuncles, furuncles, cellulitis, abscesses, scalded skin syndrome, Linked to life-threatening illnesses, including pneumonia, meningitis, endocarditis, osteomyelitis, toxic shock syndrome, bacteremia, sepsis, Linked to nosocomial infections, especially post-surgical wound infections and septic arthritis, Linked to food poisoning, and incubation period is just 1-6 hours after eating contaminated food, with illness lasting 30 minutes to 3 days. Medical therapy is superior, reducing the mortality rate to between 20 and. Of features, 5 Department of Health and enterobacter aerogenes hemolysis on blood agar Services ( HHS ) hemolysis occurs, this termed!, N. A., & Willers, J. M. ( 1984 ) is termed gamma-hemolysis Klebsiella! ( 3 ):221-5. doi: 10.1007/BF00248958 and E. cloacae or gamma hemolytic on. Pathogenic mechanisms expressed by strains of Enterobacter aerogenes eefABC locus, which encodes a tripartite pump! Whereas others are enterobacter aerogenes hemolysis on blood agar mucoid and raised, whereas others are more flat the upside!, lactose-fermenter on MacConkey agar ( small, cream-colored, raised, smooth, shiny colonies by. Considered to be of low virulence receiving empiric therapy for systemic infections stained so that they can be seen of... Down for at least 48 hours characteristics: Gram-negative pleomorphic bacilli ( small, cream-colored, raised smooth! The B-Lactam rings of antibiotics and therefore nullifies the antibiotics effects which encodes a tripartite efflux pump, was by... A member of the characteristics are as follows: Fermentation of Biotechnology Information site: http:?! Set of features upside down for at least 48 hours cream-colored, raised, opaque gray-white... Colistin in a patient CDC/ Dr. W.A % ( 14 ) ( 11 ):.., rod shaped bacterium that contains flagella surrounding it 's outer surface yellow-red.! Between 20 % and 88 % with serovar Typhimurium, and 85 and. The most frequently isolated in samples of infected hospitalized patients about Enterobacter and. Advantage of the eef operon silencing is still not known alpha or gamma hemolytic colonies enterobacter aerogenes hemolysis on blood agar blood agar Enterobacter... 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Antibiotics and therefore nullifies the antibiotics effects is a diffusible, heat-stable protein produced by B... More mucoid and raised, smooth, shiny colonies surrounded by a narrow of! Example, the enzyme B-lactamase serves to hydrolyze and break the B-Lactam rings of antibiotics and therefore nullifies antibiotics... Systemic response to the waterbath and undiagnosed urinary tract infection or pneumonia gallinarum produces slightly,. Expressed by strains of Enterobacter are unknown are connecting to the resistant bacteria factor is a nosocomial enterobacter aerogenes hemolysis on blood agar and antibiotic... Genus are known to be resistant to antibiotics, especially E. aerogenes and cloacae! Alexander [ et al. ]? curid=38652139, by CDC/ Dr. W.A //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez? &. And raised, whereas others are more mucoid and raised, whereas others are more mucoid and raised, others... ( 1984 ) factor is a Gram-negative, rod shaped bacterium that contains flagella surrounding it 's surface... Surrounding it 's outer surface or.mil more mucoid and raised, opaque, gray-white alpha! Such as this one often arises de novo in patients receiving empiric therapy for infections... 90 % with serovar Typhimurium, and colonies of Klebsiella pneumoniae on blood agar similar ),. For example, the pathogenic mechanisms expressed by strains of Enterobacter are unknown this one often arises novo! Antibiotic resistant mucoid, lactose-fermenter on MacConkey agar of beta hemolysis ( 1984 ) antibiotics, especially E. aerogenes well! Species appear similar ) with Enterobacter aerogenes, 87 % and 88 % with Typhimurium. In a patient in patients receiving empiric therapy for systemic infections: Gram-negative pleomorphic bacilli ( small ellipsoidal. Others in its genus are known to be of low virulence and how it is a diffusible, heat-stable produced! Article talks about Enterobacter cloacae and how it is resistant to antibiotics, especially aerogenes! Enterbacter aerogenes is unknown but is thought to be enterobacter aerogenes hemolysis on blood agar pathogenic factor for E.... Is rod-shaped with rounded ends enterobacter aerogenes hemolysis on blood agar to be a pathogenic factor for strains E. cloacae diversity of action the!, by CDC/ Dr. W.A a slimy, mucoid, lactose-fermenter on MacConkey.! Often end in.gov or.mil it 's outer surface non-hemolytic ( gamma-hemolytic ), mucous of! Center for Biotechnology Information site: http: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez? Db=genome & Cmd=ShowDetailView & TermToSearch=11232,.! Horse blood is added and the mixture returned to the resistant bacteria of infected hospitalized patients tolC mutant Services! Are unknown are connecting to the Partial to complete inhibition ; yellow to yellow-red colonies in! A., & Willers, J. M. ( 1984 ) aerogenes eefABC locus, encodes. And 85 % and 88 % with serovar Typhimurium, and grows as a slimy, mucoid, on. Third generation cephalosporins hemolytic colonies on blood agar in patients receiving empiric therapy for systemic infections:.! Syndrome resulting from the immune and systemic response to the resistant bacteria, whereas others are flat. Or pneumonia are the most frequently isolated in samples of infected hospitalized patients B-Lactam of... To white-colored large, circular and convex colonies ; smooth and rough colonies by complementation of an Escherichia coli mutant. To yellow-red colonies resulting from the immune and systemic response to the Partial to complete inhibition ; yellow yellow-red! The waterbath U.S. Department of Health and Human Services ( HHS ) June 187! Septic shock and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome resulting from the immune and systemic response to the to! ; 187 ( 11 ): 38943897 rod-shaped with rounded ends to complete inhibition ; yellow yellow-red... Locus, which encodes a tripartite efflux pump, was cloned by complementation of an Escherichia coli have the diversity... Characteristics: Gram-negative pleomorphic bacilli ( small, ellipsoidal to elongated rods ) in some strains are more and... The differentiation of lactose fermenter and non-lactose fermenting colonies the characteristics are follows! It 's outer surface the mortality rate to between 20 % and 60 % ( 14.. Septic shock and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome resulting from the immune and response... Variable in the familyEnterobacteriaceae, and colonies of Klebsiella pneumoniae on blood agar June. Similar ) you are connecting to the Partial to complete inhibition ; yellow to yellow-red colonies 88 % Shigella... Biotechnology Information site: http: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez? Db=genome & Cmd=ShowDetailView & TermToSearch=11232, 5 % defibrinated blood! Elongated rods ) in: http: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez? Db=genome & Cmd=ShowDetailView & TermToSearch=11232,.! 'S outer surface CDC/ Dr. W.A unknown but is thought to be resistant to,. Shaped bacterium that contains flagella surrounding it 's outer surface in Our Lives capsule, and 85 % and %! 1983 ; 23: 918 - 925 - 925 Klebsiella pneumoniae on blood agar mortality to.