why is miss marie called the maginot line
They would be supplemented by reservists who lived in the local area and who could be quickly mobilised in an emergency. TO CANCEL YOUR SUBSCRIPTION AND AVOID BEING CHARGED, YOU MUST CANCEL BEFORE THE END OF THE FREE TRIAL PERIOD. Cholly is supposed to be taken in by an uncle, but the humiliation by the river is the catalyst for him running away from home to find his father. Pecolas father, who is impulsive and violentfree, but in a dangerous way. This section shows the powerful deterministic forces that have shaped Pauline. Cholly, then, is free, without parents or people. LitCharts Teacher Editions. The rejection by Samson Fuller is a turning point in Cholly's life: "Abandoned in a junk heap by his mother, rejected for a crap game by his father, there was nothing more to lose." Instant PDF downloads. Did you know you can highlight text to take a note? Members will be prompted to log in or create an account to redeem their group membership. The third person narrator points out that for the cavity to have grown, the conditions for it to fester must have been in placea clear metaphor for the social forces that have trapped Pauline in a hard and joyless life. The line, which was supposed to be fully extended further towards the west to avoid such an occurrence, was finally scaled back in response to demands from Belgium. Constructed on the French side of its borders with Italy, Switzerland, Germany, Luxembourg and Belgium, the line did not extend to the English Channel. "[44], The psychological factor of the Maginot Line has also been discussed. This passage foretells the sexual violence and oppression experienced by the female characters of The Bluest Eye. The inside of the house is beautiful, and a small white girl comes in and asks for Polly. Claudia is furious that the child calls Mrs. Breedlove by this name because even Pecola calls her mother Mrs. These mixed-race colonial subjects worship their own oppressors, struggling to emulate them. Detailed quotes explanations with page numbers for every important quote on the site. His active response contrasts with Pecolaspassivity. She loses the job because Cholly shows up at her workplace drunk. She depends upon their interpretation of what has taken place in order to understand it herself. You can view our. They fought for four years in WWI, but were done in a week in WWII." The events by the riverbed are important: note that Cholly's hatred is not directed at the white hunters, but at Darlene. Please copy/paste the following text to properly cite this HowStuffWorks.com article: Walter Sanders/The LIFE Picture Collection via Getty Images, Universal History Archive/Universal Images Group via Getty Images. Soaphead Church is self-deluding, unhappy, and megalomaniacal. $24.99 On 14 June 1940, the day Paris fell, the German 1st Army went over to the offensive in "Operation Tiger" and attacked the Maginot Line between St Avold and Saarbrcken. The houses are sturdier, literally because they are better constructed than the houses in the black section of town, and symbolically as the families that live in them are more stable than the black families in the story. This section presents a powerful contrast between the MacTeers and the Breedloves. [39][40], The historian Clayton Donnell commented, "If one believes the Maginot Line was built for the primary purpose of stopping a German invasion of France, most will consider it a massive failure and a waste of money in reality, the line was not built to be the ultimate saviour of France". She is given to fussing aloud and to singing the blues. At the same time, that willingness to interact with the little girl based on a nickname may suggest that Mrs. Breedlove shares a level of love for the young girl that she withholds from her own daughter, who is not allowed to call her mother by a nickname. Toni Morrison and The Bluest Eye Background. French military chiefs were dubious about their ability to win another war against Germany on its own, especially an offensive war. [30] The entire French crew of 107 soldiers was killed during the action. These outposts covered the main passages within the principal line. to start your free trial of SparkNotes Plus. He lives in Macon, Georgia, and is short, balding, and mean. (A similar system was developed with armoured steam engines in 19141918.). the air battle, which lasted the into the fall of 1940. Cholly knows nothing of love and little of faithfulness or family. She treats the girls with some kindness, telling them that Pecola is with Mrs. Breedlove at the house where Mrs. Breedlove is a servant. This chain of faulty reasoning leads to their decision to procure whiskey for Frieda. With the advent of French nuclear weapons in the early 1960s, the line became an expensive anachronism. Claudia suggests that they try to get Pecola to help them find some whiskey, reasoning that Pecola should be able to help them because Cholly is always drunk. The latter meant the next war's destructive consequences would not take place on French soil. The landscape of the Moselle region is truly beautiful and everywhere you will find abandoned, rusting reminders of what was once the most formidable line of forts ever constructed. In 1939 U.S. Army officer Kenneth Nichols visited the Metz sector, where he was impressed by the formidable formations which he thought the Germans would have to outflank by driving through Belgium. After examining the conditions of Pauline's life, her misery seems a foregone conclusion. France quickly extended the Maginot Line along the Franco-Belgian border, but not to the standard of the rest of the line. Telephone Network: This system connected every fortification in the Maginot Line, including bunkers, infantry and artillery fortresses, observation posts and shelters. [22], French planning for war with Germany was always based on the assumption that the war would be la guerre de longue dure (the war of the long duration), in which the superior economic resources of the Allies would gradually grind the Germans down. She then tells the girls that they can wait with her until Pecola is back, offering them pop to drink while they wait. [17] As long as the French occupied the Rhineland, it served as a type of collateral under which the French would annex the Rhineland in the event of Germany breaching any of the articles of the treaty, such as rearming in violation of Part V; this threat was powerful enough to deter successive German governments all through the 1920s from attempting any overt violation of Part V.[18] French plans as developed by Marshal Ferdinand Foch in 1919 were based on the assumption that in the event of a war with the Reich, the French forces in the Rhineland were to embark upon an offensive to seize the Ruhr. The location of the Siegfried Line lies on the border of Germany and France. As an ally of France, they got advice on the Maginot design and applied it to Czechoslovak border fortifications. The girls enter a wealthy, white neighborhood with beautiful homes. Continue to start your free trial. In contrast, the opposing German Army Group C only contained 19 divisions, fewer than a seventh of the force committed in the Manstein Plan for the invasion of France. Instant PDF downloads. Frieda is uncertain how to describe what has happened to her. Chollys father, who abandoned Chollys mother when she got pregnant. They had such features as electric generators, ventilation systems, water supplies, kitchens and heating, which allowed their occupants to hold out in the event of an attack. When the Allied forces invaded in June 1944, the line, now held by German defenders, was again largely bypassed; fighting touched only portions of the fortifications near Metz and in northern Alsace towards the end of 1944. 11. The local prostitues, Miss Marie (also known as the Maginot Line) is fat and affectionate, China is skinny and sarcastic, and Poland is quiet. Pecola's lies demonstrate the insecurity she feels about herself, and her self-perceived ugliness. [13] From 1871 forward, French elites had concluded that France had no hope of defeating Germany on its own, and France would need an alliance with another great power to defeat the Reich. She is pretty, playful andaffectionate. The secret German-Soviet cooperation started in 1921. Knowing he can't grant her wish, he tells her that it will be granted if she brings some meat to the dog on the porch outside. [41] Donnell argued that the primary purpose of "prevent[ing] a concerted attack on France through the traditional invasion routes and to permit time for the mobilisation of troops was fulfiled", as was the French strategy of forcing the Germans to enter Belgium, which ideally would have allowed "the French to fight on favourable terrain". Mary, Jean-Yves; Hohnadel, Alain; Sicard, Jacques. Complete your free account to access notes and highlights. Following the Munich Agreement and the German occupation of Czechoslovakia, the Germans were able to use the Czech fortifications to plan attacks that proved successful against the western fortifications (the Belgian Fort Eben-Emael is the best-known example). This moment is something to bear in mind later on, when we learn what happens to Pecola under similar circumstances. The community knows. Stewart, Amber ed. Attacking on 10 May, German forces were well into France within five days and they continued to advance until 24 May, when they stopped near Dunkirk. This section opens with a long description of his character and ancestry. [18], After 1918, the German economy was twice as large as that of France; Germany had a population of 70 million compared to France's 40 million, and the French economy was hobbled by the need to reconstruct the enormous damage of World War I, while German territory had seen little fighting. Its enormous cost and its failure to prevent German forces from invading France have caused journalists and political commentators to remain divided on whether the line was worthwhile. They nerfed breaking through the line to the nth degree honestly. It is also possible that Miss Mary Mack comes from the slang meaning of mack for a "pimp" or "flirting," dating back to the late 1800s. The serpent, constructed over a period of 11 years at a cost of some seven billion prewar francs, was France's last, best hope to avert another German invasion, another devastating war. The three prostitutes are nice to her, which makes her love them.. creating and saving your own notes as you read. Note that the narrative of Cholly's life lays a greater emphasis on Cholly's agency. Bluest Eye literature essays are academic essays for citation. You'll be billed after your free trial ends. [25] Besides the demographic reasons, a defensive strategy served the needs of French diplomacy towards Great Britain. What does the word "festers" mean? The Maginot Line is upstairs on the porch drinking root beer, and she tells the children that Pecola is helping her mother at her workplace. The cobbler splatters on the floor and burns her, and her mother comes in and beats her. In Did you have a question about the first chapter of Bluest Eye. The Maginot Line laughs and throws her root-beer bottle at them. The problem was that Maginot Line, a great line of fortifications that spanned France's borders with several neighbors, was essentially a glorified trench. Origin of Marie. The community knows Miss Marie as the Maginot Line. Youve successfully purchased a group discount. Get Annual Plans at a discount when you buy 2 or more! SparkNotes PLUS Save over 50% with a SparkNotes PLUS Annual Plan! The Maginot Line was impervious . An advancing German army would first be spotted by camouflaged observation points hugging the German border. The girls walk all the way to the rich part of town where Mrs. Breedlove works. [45], Jackson commented that "it has often been alleged that the Maginot Line contributed to France's defeat by making the military too complacent and defence-minded. When she speaks to Pecola and her friends, her voice is like rotten pieces of apple, but when she speaks to the white girl, her voice is like honey. Cholly has had no one to teach him how to be a fatherAunt Jimmy is so much older that she hardly seems an adequate role model. The Schoenenbourg Maginot Line fort (Ouvrage Schoenenbourg) was the largest of the Maginot Line forts, a series of forts built in the 1920s and 30s by the French government to deter invasion from Germany. These were buried concrete bunkers designed to house and shelter up to a company of infantry (200 to 250 men). [18] Given that Germany had engaged in covert rearmament with the co-operation of the Soviet Union starting in 1921 (a fact that had become public knowledge in 1926) and that every German government had gone out of its way to insist on the moral invalidity of Versailles, claiming it was based upon the so-called Kriegsschuldlge ("War guilt lie") that Germany started the war in 1914, the French had little faith that the Germans would willingly allow the Rhineland's demilitarised status to continue forever, and believed that at some time in the future, Germany would rearm in violation of Versailles, reintroduce conscription and remilitarise the Rhineland. Petits ouvrages: These small fortresses reinforced the line of infantry bunkers. These are large reinforced buried concrete bunkers, equipped with armoured turrets containing high-precision optics, connected with the other fortifications by field telephone and wireless transmitters (known in French by the acronym T.S.F., Tlgraphie Sans Fil). Andr Maginot finally convinced the government to invest in the scheme. They're like having in-class notes for every discussion!, This is absolutely THE best teacher resource I have ever purchased. Definitions and examples of 136 literary terms and devices. [52] The article portrayed vulnerability by showing a rocket being transported through a marshy area atop an ox. The fortifications were built as a result of experiences from the . Claudias father, who works hard to keep the familyfed and clothed. Music Producer, Rapper, Gamer, Artist , Just trying to make it through this thing called LIFE!! Complete your free account to request a guide. Pauline learns to love the soft blonde hair of her employers' child and despise the thicker black curls of her own daughter. to start your free trial of SparkNotes Plus. for a group? Pauline makes a little extra noise while delivering, to let the doctors know that she's no horseand she also points out to us that if you look into a mare's eyes, you realize that even a horse feels pain. It also had state-of-the-art living conditions for garrisoned troops, supplying air conditioning and eating areas for their comfort. She is affectionate but physically in decay. The word cloche is a French term meaning bell due to its shape. They find Pecola at the back of one of the prettiest houses. The Maginot Line was designed to resist attacks by aerial bombardment, artillery and ground forces. Feester: To worsen, especially due to lack of attention. She learns that Mr. MacTeer has beaten up Mr. Henry and kicked him out of the house. This chapter emphasizes the ignorance and confusion that accompany Friedas experience of becoming a sexual being. This section is arguably the most successful part of the novel. Maginot was another veteran of World War I; he became the French Minister of Veteran Affairs and then Minister of War (19281932). While the accommodations weren't luxurious, the barracks and mess halls were a tremendous improvement over the mud, freezing cold and disease of WWI trenches. Discount, Discount Code He has a gruff manner toward little Black girls. 3. Pauline's narrative is very conversational, using the diction, grammar, and rhythm of oral Black-American English. The protagonist of the novel, an eleven-year-old Black girl who believes that she is ugly and that having blue eyes would make her beautiful. "That's just what the French did," says Kirchubel. The fire control stations would give orders to the hundreds of anti-tank and heavy artillery positions that could pop out of the ground and fire from armored turrets. Mrs. Breedlove's reflection in the white furnishings symbolically represents her desire to be white and embody whiteness. The elephant in the rhyme is said to be a reference to the original Republicans, party of Abraham Lincoln and abolitionism, jumping the fence, or crossing the Mason-Dixon Line, to help free the slaves. He is a pedophile who loves to touch little girls. [26] Germany had to import most of its iron, rubber, oil, bauxite, copper and nickel, making naval blockade a devastating weapon against the German economy. It was composed of an intricate system of strong points, fortifications and military facilities such as border guard posts, communications centres, infantry shelters, barricades, artillery, machine-gun and anti-tank-gun emplacements, supply depots, infrastructure facilities and observation posts. | When The Maginot Line asks if the girls are looking for someone, Claudia explains they are looking for Pecola. [12], The great conclusion that was drawn in Paris after the Ruhrkampf and the 1924 London Conference was that France could not make unilateral military moves to uphold Versailles as the resulting British hostility to such moves was too dangerous to the republic. Outpost and Support Point line: Approximately 5km (3mi) behind the border, a line of anti-tank blockhouses that were intended to provide resistance to armoured assault, sufficient to delay the enemy to allow the crews of the C.O.R.F. But they still do not know what ruined means, and not understanding what makes the prostitute distasteful to their mother, they focus on what makes the prostitute distasteful to themher fatness. He is capable of both tenderness and rage, but as the story unfolds, rage increasingly dominates. -Graham S. The timeline below shows where the character China, Poland, and Miss Marie appears in, laughter coming from inside the house. This reassured allied civilians. She lies in an empty lot ruminating and then heads home. Soaphead Church proceeds to write a letter to God, in which he blames God for making the world badly. Teacher Editions with classroom activities for all 1699 titles we cover. Then another neighbor, Miss Dunion, came in and suggested that they take Frieda to the doctor because she might be ruined, a fear that now makes Frieda weep. That resulted in "the media exaggerating their descriptions by turning the line into an impregnable fortified position that would seal the frontier". The Maginot Line by Bryan J. Dickerson, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maginot_Line&oldid=1141389027, Military installations established in 1930, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from February 2011, Articles with French-language sources (fr), Articles with Czech-language sources (cs), Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Mostly intact, through the preservation of the French Government, To save manpower (France counted 39 million inhabitants, Germany 70 million), To cover the mobilisation of the French Army. Breedlove. From upstairs, the little girl calls for Polly, and Pecola accidentally pulls a freshly baked berry cobbler off the counter. All these troops wore distinctive uniform insignia and considered themselves among the elite of the French Army. She invites the girls upstairs for a soda, but Frieda tells her that they are not allowed to visit her because she is "ruined." She feels real affection only for her cat. Pauline, in turn, humanizes the horse, and understands that by looking into the animal's eyes one can see that its feelings are as real as those of a human being. My students love how organized the handouts are and enjoy tracking the themes as a class., Requesting a new guide requires a free LitCharts account. Find related themes, quotes, symbols, characters, and more. The Maginot Line was impervious to most forms of attack. Pecola calls her Miss Marie, while Claudia and Frieda call her the Maginot Line, a nickname based on a World War II reference. Use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. Free trial is available to new customers only. She has renounced her own black family for the family of her white employer. My students love how organized the handouts are and enjoy tracking the themes as a class., Requesting a new guide requires a free LitCharts account. During peacetime, fortresses were only partly manned by full-time troops. Would not have made it through AP Literature without the printable PDFs. He goes on to live a life of alcoholism, marries Pauline but refuses to be faithful to her, and, we are told in an offhand manner, murders three white men. Her differing reactions to Pecola and the little white girl further this idea. Their crews ranged from 500 to more than 1,000 men. The Maginot Lines nickname comes from the bulky defensive fortifications built before World War II to protect the border of France from Germany. Want 100 or more? At a conference in London in 1924 to settle the Franco-German crisis caused by the Ruhrkampf, the British Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald successfully pressed the French Premier douard Herriot to make concessions to Germany. [18], French plans for an offensive in the 1920s were realistic, as Versailles had forbidden German conscription, and the Reichswehr was limited to 100,000 men. The Maginot Line, an array of defenses that France built along its border with Germany in the 1930s, was designed to prevent an invasion. They're like having in-class notes for every discussion!, This is absolutely THE best teacher resource I have ever purchased. They find the house and see Pecola sitting on the stoop outside. . Mr. MacTeer chased Mr. Henry off, beating him first and then firing a gun at him. The serpent is the largest remaining artifact from World War II. These anti-tank obstacles extended from end to end in front of the main works, over hundreds of kilometres, interrupted only by extremely dense forests, rivers, or other nearly impassable terrains. Safety Quarters were built near the major fortifications so fortress (ouvrage) crews could reach their battle stations in the shortest possible time in the event of a surprise attack during peacetime. Renews March 8, 2023 The problem was that Hitler and his generals abandoned the "static" style of WWI fighting for a far more mobile blitzkrieg attack that punched a hole into France through Belgium and the Netherlands. She says they can wait on the porch until Pecola gets home but they are too scared of her. Pecolas mother, who believes that she is ugly; this belief has made her lonely and cold. Nobody is home when they arrive at the Breedloves' storefront apartment. In 1940, France deployed about twice as many men, 36 divisions (roughly one third of its force), for the defence of the Maginot Line in Alsace and Lorraine. The insinuation that Frieda might be "ruined" does not make Mrs. MacTeer angry at Frieda; the wrath of Frieda's mother is directed entirely at Miss Dunion. French strategy, therefore, envisioned a move into Belgium to counter a German assault. She lies to Claudia and Frieda, claiming that the prostitutes give her pretty dresses and shoes, take her to the movies, and that China is going to take her to Cleveland to see the square and Poland is going to take her to Chicago to see the Loop. The fortifications did not extend through the Ardennes Forest (which was believed to be impenetrable by Commander-in-Chief Maurice Gamelin) or along France's border with Belgium because the two countries had signed an alliance in 1920, by which the French army would operate in Belgium if the German forces invaded. Frieda and Claudia are confused about what ruined means and worry that Frieda will become fat like the Maginot Line. All are Anglophiles who try to expunge any trace of the African in themselves. The term "Maginot Line" has become a part of the English language: "America's Maginot Line" was the title used for an Atlantic Magazine article about America's military bases in Asia. The main fortifications of the line were still mostly intact, many commanders were prepared to hold out, and the Italian advance had been contained. Ezra And Sabine Fanfiction Injured,
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They would be supplemented by reservists who lived in the local area and who could be quickly mobilised in an emergency. TO CANCEL YOUR SUBSCRIPTION AND AVOID BEING CHARGED, YOU MUST CANCEL BEFORE THE END OF THE FREE TRIAL PERIOD. Cholly is supposed to be taken in by an uncle, but the humiliation by the river is the catalyst for him running away from home to find his father. Pecolas father, who is impulsive and violentfree, but in a dangerous way. This section shows the powerful deterministic forces that have shaped Pauline. Cholly, then, is free, without parents or people. LitCharts Teacher Editions. The rejection by Samson Fuller is a turning point in Cholly's life: "Abandoned in a junk heap by his mother, rejected for a crap game by his father, there was nothing more to lose." Instant PDF downloads. Did you know you can highlight text to take a note? Members will be prompted to log in or create an account to redeem their group membership. The third person narrator points out that for the cavity to have grown, the conditions for it to fester must have been in placea clear metaphor for the social forces that have trapped Pauline in a hard and joyless life. The line, which was supposed to be fully extended further towards the west to avoid such an occurrence, was finally scaled back in response to demands from Belgium. Constructed on the French side of its borders with Italy, Switzerland, Germany, Luxembourg and Belgium, the line did not extend to the English Channel. "[44], The psychological factor of the Maginot Line has also been discussed. This passage foretells the sexual violence and oppression experienced by the female characters of The Bluest Eye. The inside of the house is beautiful, and a small white girl comes in and asks for Polly. Claudia is furious that the child calls Mrs. Breedlove by this name because even Pecola calls her mother Mrs. These mixed-race colonial subjects worship their own oppressors, struggling to emulate them. Detailed quotes explanations with page numbers for every important quote on the site. His active response contrasts with Pecolaspassivity. She loses the job because Cholly shows up at her workplace drunk. She depends upon their interpretation of what has taken place in order to understand it herself. You can view our. They fought for four years in WWI, but were done in a week in WWII." The events by the riverbed are important: note that Cholly's hatred is not directed at the white hunters, but at Darlene. Please copy/paste the following text to properly cite this HowStuffWorks.com article: Walter Sanders/The LIFE Picture Collection via Getty Images, Universal History Archive/Universal Images Group via Getty Images. Soaphead Church is self-deluding, unhappy, and megalomaniacal. $24.99 On 14 June 1940, the day Paris fell, the German 1st Army went over to the offensive in "Operation Tiger" and attacked the Maginot Line between St Avold and Saarbrcken. The houses are sturdier, literally because they are better constructed than the houses in the black section of town, and symbolically as the families that live in them are more stable than the black families in the story. This section presents a powerful contrast between the MacTeers and the Breedloves. [39][40], The historian Clayton Donnell commented, "If one believes the Maginot Line was built for the primary purpose of stopping a German invasion of France, most will consider it a massive failure and a waste of money in reality, the line was not built to be the ultimate saviour of France". She is given to fussing aloud and to singing the blues. At the same time, that willingness to interact with the little girl based on a nickname may suggest that Mrs. Breedlove shares a level of love for the young girl that she withholds from her own daughter, who is not allowed to call her mother by a nickname. Toni Morrison and The Bluest Eye Background. French military chiefs were dubious about their ability to win another war against Germany on its own, especially an offensive war. [30] The entire French crew of 107 soldiers was killed during the action. These outposts covered the main passages within the principal line. to start your free trial of SparkNotes Plus. He lives in Macon, Georgia, and is short, balding, and mean. (A similar system was developed with armoured steam engines in 19141918.). the air battle, which lasted the into the fall of 1940. Cholly knows nothing of love and little of faithfulness or family. She treats the girls with some kindness, telling them that Pecola is with Mrs. Breedlove at the house where Mrs. Breedlove is a servant. This chain of faulty reasoning leads to their decision to procure whiskey for Frieda. With the advent of French nuclear weapons in the early 1960s, the line became an expensive anachronism. Claudia suggests that they try to get Pecola to help them find some whiskey, reasoning that Pecola should be able to help them because Cholly is always drunk. The latter meant the next war's destructive consequences would not take place on French soil. The landscape of the Moselle region is truly beautiful and everywhere you will find abandoned, rusting reminders of what was once the most formidable line of forts ever constructed. In 1939 U.S. Army officer Kenneth Nichols visited the Metz sector, where he was impressed by the formidable formations which he thought the Germans would have to outflank by driving through Belgium. After examining the conditions of Pauline's life, her misery seems a foregone conclusion. France quickly extended the Maginot Line along the Franco-Belgian border, but not to the standard of the rest of the line. Telephone Network: This system connected every fortification in the Maginot Line, including bunkers, infantry and artillery fortresses, observation posts and shelters. [22], French planning for war with Germany was always based on the assumption that the war would be la guerre de longue dure (the war of the long duration), in which the superior economic resources of the Allies would gradually grind the Germans down. She then tells the girls that they can wait with her until Pecola is back, offering them pop to drink while they wait. [17] As long as the French occupied the Rhineland, it served as a type of collateral under which the French would annex the Rhineland in the event of Germany breaching any of the articles of the treaty, such as rearming in violation of Part V; this threat was powerful enough to deter successive German governments all through the 1920s from attempting any overt violation of Part V.[18] French plans as developed by Marshal Ferdinand Foch in 1919 were based on the assumption that in the event of a war with the Reich, the French forces in the Rhineland were to embark upon an offensive to seize the Ruhr. The location of the Siegfried Line lies on the border of Germany and France. As an ally of France, they got advice on the Maginot design and applied it to Czechoslovak border fortifications. The girls enter a wealthy, white neighborhood with beautiful homes. Continue to start your free trial. In contrast, the opposing German Army Group C only contained 19 divisions, fewer than a seventh of the force committed in the Manstein Plan for the invasion of France. Instant PDF downloads. Frieda is uncertain how to describe what has happened to her. Chollys father, who abandoned Chollys mother when she got pregnant. They had such features as electric generators, ventilation systems, water supplies, kitchens and heating, which allowed their occupants to hold out in the event of an attack. When the Allied forces invaded in June 1944, the line, now held by German defenders, was again largely bypassed; fighting touched only portions of the fortifications near Metz and in northern Alsace towards the end of 1944. 11. The local prostitues, Miss Marie (also known as the Maginot Line) is fat and affectionate, China is skinny and sarcastic, and Poland is quiet. Pecola's lies demonstrate the insecurity she feels about herself, and her self-perceived ugliness. [13] From 1871 forward, French elites had concluded that France had no hope of defeating Germany on its own, and France would need an alliance with another great power to defeat the Reich. She is pretty, playful andaffectionate. The secret German-Soviet cooperation started in 1921. Knowing he can't grant her wish, he tells her that it will be granted if she brings some meat to the dog on the porch outside. [41] Donnell argued that the primary purpose of "prevent[ing] a concerted attack on France through the traditional invasion routes and to permit time for the mobilisation of troops was fulfiled", as was the French strategy of forcing the Germans to enter Belgium, which ideally would have allowed "the French to fight on favourable terrain". Mary, Jean-Yves; Hohnadel, Alain; Sicard, Jacques. Complete your free account to access notes and highlights. Following the Munich Agreement and the German occupation of Czechoslovakia, the Germans were able to use the Czech fortifications to plan attacks that proved successful against the western fortifications (the Belgian Fort Eben-Emael is the best-known example). This moment is something to bear in mind later on, when we learn what happens to Pecola under similar circumstances. The community knows. Stewart, Amber ed. Attacking on 10 May, German forces were well into France within five days and they continued to advance until 24 May, when they stopped near Dunkirk. This section opens with a long description of his character and ancestry. [18], After 1918, the German economy was twice as large as that of France; Germany had a population of 70 million compared to France's 40 million, and the French economy was hobbled by the need to reconstruct the enormous damage of World War I, while German territory had seen little fighting. Its enormous cost and its failure to prevent German forces from invading France have caused journalists and political commentators to remain divided on whether the line was worthwhile. They nerfed breaking through the line to the nth degree honestly. It is also possible that Miss Mary Mack comes from the slang meaning of mack for a "pimp" or "flirting," dating back to the late 1800s. The serpent, constructed over a period of 11 years at a cost of some seven billion prewar francs, was France's last, best hope to avert another German invasion, another devastating war. The three prostitutes are nice to her, which makes her love them.. creating and saving your own notes as you read. Note that the narrative of Cholly's life lays a greater emphasis on Cholly's agency. Bluest Eye literature essays are academic essays for citation. You'll be billed after your free trial ends. [25] Besides the demographic reasons, a defensive strategy served the needs of French diplomacy towards Great Britain. What does the word "festers" mean? The Maginot Line is upstairs on the porch drinking root beer, and she tells the children that Pecola is helping her mother at her workplace. The cobbler splatters on the floor and burns her, and her mother comes in and beats her. In Did you have a question about the first chapter of Bluest Eye. The Maginot Line laughs and throws her root-beer bottle at them. The problem was that Maginot Line, a great line of fortifications that spanned France's borders with several neighbors, was essentially a glorified trench. Origin of Marie. The community knows Miss Marie as the Maginot Line. Youve successfully purchased a group discount. Get Annual Plans at a discount when you buy 2 or more! SparkNotes PLUS Save over 50% with a SparkNotes PLUS Annual Plan! The Maginot Line was impervious . An advancing German army would first be spotted by camouflaged observation points hugging the German border. The girls walk all the way to the rich part of town where Mrs. Breedlove works. [45], Jackson commented that "it has often been alleged that the Maginot Line contributed to France's defeat by making the military too complacent and defence-minded. When she speaks to Pecola and her friends, her voice is like rotten pieces of apple, but when she speaks to the white girl, her voice is like honey. Cholly has had no one to teach him how to be a fatherAunt Jimmy is so much older that she hardly seems an adequate role model. The Schoenenbourg Maginot Line fort (Ouvrage Schoenenbourg) was the largest of the Maginot Line forts, a series of forts built in the 1920s and 30s by the French government to deter invasion from Germany. These were buried concrete bunkers designed to house and shelter up to a company of infantry (200 to 250 men). [18] Given that Germany had engaged in covert rearmament with the co-operation of the Soviet Union starting in 1921 (a fact that had become public knowledge in 1926) and that every German government had gone out of its way to insist on the moral invalidity of Versailles, claiming it was based upon the so-called Kriegsschuldlge ("War guilt lie") that Germany started the war in 1914, the French had little faith that the Germans would willingly allow the Rhineland's demilitarised status to continue forever, and believed that at some time in the future, Germany would rearm in violation of Versailles, reintroduce conscription and remilitarise the Rhineland. Petits ouvrages: These small fortresses reinforced the line of infantry bunkers. These are large reinforced buried concrete bunkers, equipped with armoured turrets containing high-precision optics, connected with the other fortifications by field telephone and wireless transmitters (known in French by the acronym T.S.F., Tlgraphie Sans Fil). Andr Maginot finally convinced the government to invest in the scheme. They're like having in-class notes for every discussion!, This is absolutely THE best teacher resource I have ever purchased. Definitions and examples of 136 literary terms and devices. [52] The article portrayed vulnerability by showing a rocket being transported through a marshy area atop an ox. The fortifications were built as a result of experiences from the . Claudias father, who works hard to keep the familyfed and clothed. Music Producer, Rapper, Gamer, Artist , Just trying to make it through this thing called LIFE!! Complete your free account to request a guide. Pauline learns to love the soft blonde hair of her employers' child and despise the thicker black curls of her own daughter. to start your free trial of SparkNotes Plus. for a group? Pauline makes a little extra noise while delivering, to let the doctors know that she's no horseand she also points out to us that if you look into a mare's eyes, you realize that even a horse feels pain. It also had state-of-the-art living conditions for garrisoned troops, supplying air conditioning and eating areas for their comfort. She is affectionate but physically in decay. The word cloche is a French term meaning bell due to its shape. They find Pecola at the back of one of the prettiest houses. The Maginot Line was designed to resist attacks by aerial bombardment, artillery and ground forces. Feester: To worsen, especially due to lack of attention. She learns that Mr. MacTeer has beaten up Mr. Henry and kicked him out of the house. This chapter emphasizes the ignorance and confusion that accompany Friedas experience of becoming a sexual being. This section is arguably the most successful part of the novel. Maginot was another veteran of World War I; he became the French Minister of Veteran Affairs and then Minister of War (19281932). While the accommodations weren't luxurious, the barracks and mess halls were a tremendous improvement over the mud, freezing cold and disease of WWI trenches. Discount, Discount Code He has a gruff manner toward little Black girls. 3. Pauline's narrative is very conversational, using the diction, grammar, and rhythm of oral Black-American English. The protagonist of the novel, an eleven-year-old Black girl who believes that she is ugly and that having blue eyes would make her beautiful. "That's just what the French did," says Kirchubel. The fire control stations would give orders to the hundreds of anti-tank and heavy artillery positions that could pop out of the ground and fire from armored turrets. Mrs. Breedlove's reflection in the white furnishings symbolically represents her desire to be white and embody whiteness. The elephant in the rhyme is said to be a reference to the original Republicans, party of Abraham Lincoln and abolitionism, jumping the fence, or crossing the Mason-Dixon Line, to help free the slaves. He is a pedophile who loves to touch little girls. [26] Germany had to import most of its iron, rubber, oil, bauxite, copper and nickel, making naval blockade a devastating weapon against the German economy. It was composed of an intricate system of strong points, fortifications and military facilities such as border guard posts, communications centres, infantry shelters, barricades, artillery, machine-gun and anti-tank-gun emplacements, supply depots, infrastructure facilities and observation posts. | When The Maginot Line asks if the girls are looking for someone, Claudia explains they are looking for Pecola. [12], The great conclusion that was drawn in Paris after the Ruhrkampf and the 1924 London Conference was that France could not make unilateral military moves to uphold Versailles as the resulting British hostility to such moves was too dangerous to the republic. Outpost and Support Point line: Approximately 5km (3mi) behind the border, a line of anti-tank blockhouses that were intended to provide resistance to armoured assault, sufficient to delay the enemy to allow the crews of the C.O.R.F. But they still do not know what ruined means, and not understanding what makes the prostitute distasteful to their mother, they focus on what makes the prostitute distasteful to themher fatness. He is capable of both tenderness and rage, but as the story unfolds, rage increasingly dominates. -Graham S. The timeline below shows where the character China, Poland, and Miss Marie appears in, laughter coming from inside the house. This reassured allied civilians. She lies in an empty lot ruminating and then heads home. Soaphead Church proceeds to write a letter to God, in which he blames God for making the world badly. Teacher Editions with classroom activities for all 1699 titles we cover. Then another neighbor, Miss Dunion, came in and suggested that they take Frieda to the doctor because she might be ruined, a fear that now makes Frieda weep. That resulted in "the media exaggerating their descriptions by turning the line into an impregnable fortified position that would seal the frontier". The Maginot Line by Bryan J. Dickerson, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maginot_Line&oldid=1141389027, Military installations established in 1930, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from February 2011, Articles with French-language sources (fr), Articles with Czech-language sources (cs), Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Mostly intact, through the preservation of the French Government, To save manpower (France counted 39 million inhabitants, Germany 70 million), To cover the mobilisation of the French Army. Breedlove. From upstairs, the little girl calls for Polly, and Pecola accidentally pulls a freshly baked berry cobbler off the counter. All these troops wore distinctive uniform insignia and considered themselves among the elite of the French Army. She invites the girls upstairs for a soda, but Frieda tells her that they are not allowed to visit her because she is "ruined." She feels real affection only for her cat. Pauline, in turn, humanizes the horse, and understands that by looking into the animal's eyes one can see that its feelings are as real as those of a human being. My students love how organized the handouts are and enjoy tracking the themes as a class., Requesting a new guide requires a free LitCharts account. Find related themes, quotes, symbols, characters, and more. The Maginot Line was impervious to most forms of attack. Pecola calls her Miss Marie, while Claudia and Frieda call her the Maginot Line, a nickname based on a World War II reference. Use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. Free trial is available to new customers only. She has renounced her own black family for the family of her white employer. My students love how organized the handouts are and enjoy tracking the themes as a class., Requesting a new guide requires a free LitCharts account. During peacetime, fortresses were only partly manned by full-time troops. Would not have made it through AP Literature without the printable PDFs. He goes on to live a life of alcoholism, marries Pauline but refuses to be faithful to her, and, we are told in an offhand manner, murders three white men. Her differing reactions to Pecola and the little white girl further this idea. Their crews ranged from 500 to more than 1,000 men. The Maginot Lines nickname comes from the bulky defensive fortifications built before World War II to protect the border of France from Germany. Want 100 or more? At a conference in London in 1924 to settle the Franco-German crisis caused by the Ruhrkampf, the British Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald successfully pressed the French Premier douard Herriot to make concessions to Germany. [18], French plans for an offensive in the 1920s were realistic, as Versailles had forbidden German conscription, and the Reichswehr was limited to 100,000 men. The Maginot Line, an array of defenses that France built along its border with Germany in the 1930s, was designed to prevent an invasion. They're like having in-class notes for every discussion!, This is absolutely THE best teacher resource I have ever purchased. They find the house and see Pecola sitting on the stoop outside. . Mr. MacTeer chased Mr. Henry off, beating him first and then firing a gun at him. The serpent is the largest remaining artifact from World War II. These anti-tank obstacles extended from end to end in front of the main works, over hundreds of kilometres, interrupted only by extremely dense forests, rivers, or other nearly impassable terrains. Safety Quarters were built near the major fortifications so fortress (ouvrage) crews could reach their battle stations in the shortest possible time in the event of a surprise attack during peacetime. Renews March 8, 2023 The problem was that Hitler and his generals abandoned the "static" style of WWI fighting for a far more mobile blitzkrieg attack that punched a hole into France through Belgium and the Netherlands. She says they can wait on the porch until Pecola gets home but they are too scared of her. Pecolas mother, who believes that she is ugly; this belief has made her lonely and cold. Nobody is home when they arrive at the Breedloves' storefront apartment. In 1940, France deployed about twice as many men, 36 divisions (roughly one third of its force), for the defence of the Maginot Line in Alsace and Lorraine. The insinuation that Frieda might be "ruined" does not make Mrs. MacTeer angry at Frieda; the wrath of Frieda's mother is directed entirely at Miss Dunion. French strategy, therefore, envisioned a move into Belgium to counter a German assault. She lies to Claudia and Frieda, claiming that the prostitutes give her pretty dresses and shoes, take her to the movies, and that China is going to take her to Cleveland to see the square and Poland is going to take her to Chicago to see the Loop. The fortifications did not extend through the Ardennes Forest (which was believed to be impenetrable by Commander-in-Chief Maurice Gamelin) or along France's border with Belgium because the two countries had signed an alliance in 1920, by which the French army would operate in Belgium if the German forces invaded. Frieda and Claudia are confused about what ruined means and worry that Frieda will become fat like the Maginot Line. All are Anglophiles who try to expunge any trace of the African in themselves. The term "Maginot Line" has become a part of the English language: "America's Maginot Line" was the title used for an Atlantic Magazine article about America's military bases in Asia. The main fortifications of the line were still mostly intact, many commanders were prepared to hold out, and the Italian advance had been contained.